Research Areas


America’s AI Action Plan and Mental Health: Building a Smarter Support System
America’s AI Action Plan and Mental Health: Building a Smarter Support System By Janice Tagoe When President Donald Trump unveiled America’s AI Action Plan in July 2025, it was framed as a blueprint for national technological dominance. The 90+ policy recommendations span deregulation, infrastructure, and diplomacy, and their implications for health care, specifically mental health, cannot be overemphasized. Mental health conditions affect tens of millions of Americans, and access to care remains uneven. Could the federal government’s AI roadmap spur innovations that make high-quality support more accessible, efficient, and personalized? Recent research and industry initiatives suggest the answer is yes, but only with deliberate safeguards and inclusive investment. Laying the Groundwork The Action Plan calls for accelerating innovation by removing regulatory hurdles, expanding infrastructure, and building international partnerships. Several provisions speak directly to health care. It urges federal agencies to create regulatory sandboxes and AI Centers of Excellence where researchers and startups can test AI tools under the supervision of agencies like the FDA and share data transparently. It also recommends launching domain-specific initiatives in sectors such as healthcare to develop national standards for AI systems and measure productivity gains. The plan further highlights the need for robust scientific datasets and secure access to federal data to support AI research in biology, medicine, and population health
November 14, 2025
Army MV-75 Has A “Digital Backbone” To Stand Up To China In The Pacific (From National Security Journal)
By Rebecca L. Grant, Ph.D., Vice President, Lexington Institute. October 20, 2025  The full text of this article is available below and on the National Security Journal website here. Key Points and Summary – The U.S. Army is accelerating its new MV-75 tiltrotor program, a long-range assault aircraft that is “twice as far, twice as fast” as the Black Hawk. -While its performance is a leap forward, its most revolutionary feature is its “digital backbone.” -The MV-75 is the first military aircraft designed from the ground up with a modular open systems architecture using Time Sensitive Networking (TSN). -This approach, borrowed from the auto industry, allows for rapid, “plug and play” upgrades, avoids vendor lock, and ensures the platform can be easily modernized for decades to come. The MV-75 Is Coming  The Army needs the operational agility of the MV-75 for the Pacific, but multidomain success for Soldiers also depends on the digital backbone of next-generation systems. China’s tactics in the Pacific lean on a number of different elements, from gray-zone operations to missile threats. The U.S. Army is countering with a strategy for operational agility that could deter China in both low-intensity conflicts and all-out wars. Speeding up the arrival of the future MV-75 long-range assault aircraft is a key part of the U.S. strategy. The Army is accelerating both the testing and production schedule for the program. It is “the most modern, transformational, game-changing aircraft that the Army has ever seen,” MV-75 program manager Col. Jeffrey Poquette said in a recent video.
October 20, 2025
The Roman Empire Welcomed Barbarian Immigrants
by Paolo von Schirach, October 6, 2025 WASHINGTON – This may surprise some. It is true that the Roman Empire was overcome by the barbarian invasions. However, it is also true that for several centuries the barbarians asked to be admitted into the Empire as immigrants. And the Romans welcomed them. To facilitate this “immigration” process, the Roman Empire developed a fairly well structured immigration policy. Following fairly detailed procedures, the “Barbarians” were allowed in. They came peacefully, with the goal of assimilation. not conquest or domination. Note that in Greek “Barbaros” meant someone who speaks an incomprehensible language, therefore a “non Greek”, or foreigner. The Romans borrowed the term from the Greek language. However, for the Romans the term acquired a pejorative meaning. Something like: “backward”, “uncivilized”, “violent”. Welcoming the barbarians Still –and here is the interesting part– even though they looked at the barbarians as uncivilized, for centuries the Romans made immigration deals with barbarian (mostly Germanic) tribes. They welcomed them into their Empire. For this purpose, the Romans created binding legal procedures for integration and assimilation of foreign tribes that were implemented by the imperials authorities and adhered to by the new immigrants. The goal of those foreigners was not conquest. It was assimilation. Forget about wild barbarian invaders slashing, killing, burning and pillaging. On the contrary, the uncivilized barbarians wanted to become peaceful subjects of Rome. And in most cases the Romans welcomed them –for at least three centuries! The accepted narrative But this is not the history of Romans and barbarians as most school children learn it. An oversimplified version of the history of the rise an then inglorious decline and fall of the Roman Empire runs more or less like this.
October 6, 2025
Aerospace Mid-Tiers Ready For Primetime To Expand The Industrial Base (From RealClearDefense)
By Rebecca L. Grant, Ph.D., Vice President, Lexington Institute. September 29, 2025  A small group of mid-tier defense firms is delivering on major aerospace programs. Read here and below. The Pentagon wants its mid-tier aerospace companies back. Once upon a time, during the Reagan buildup of the 1980s, there were 51 major defense vendors in the aerospace sector.   By 1998, there were just 5.  As the post-Cold War defense budget fell 60%, Pentagon leaders opted to nurture a few large companies and hope for increased use of commercial “off the shelf” parts and software to carry overhead. Those giants produced epic systems from F-35s to Patriot missiles and are delivering day after day for the warfighter. Fast forward to 2025 and the competition with China.  Brandishing their expertise in data and open systems architectures, a new cohort of strong, capable mid-tier defense companies is quietly reshaping how the Pentagon does business, especially in the aerospace sector.  The rise of the mid-tier defense companies, from drone makers and upgrade specialists to prime contractors in charge of major aircraft and weapons programs, is expanding the aerospace industrial base — and just in time.  These mid tiers do business their own way and seek out opportunities to break the mold. Four examples show the growing role of mid-tier primes. Survivable Airborne Operations Center (SAOC.)  When Boeing and the Air Force could not reach an agreement on data rights and contract structure, SNC stepped up for the win.  The first company-led flight test for the “doomsday plane” took place Aug. 7, as SNC continues to hit critical program milestones.  The $13B contract for five Survivable Airborne Operations Center aircraft through 2036 marks the biggest award yet to a mid-tier, designating SNC as a major aerospace prime.  “As one of the only privately-owned mid-tier defense contractors, SNC has the foresight to invest early to stay ahead of customer needs,” said Jon Piatt, executive vice president for SNC.  They’d already made significant investments in facilities well ahead of the SAOC contract award, and continue proactive investments to deliver for customers, according to Piatt.  
September 29, 2025
America First: Rubio And Trump Just Drew A Red Line For Narco-Terrorists (From FOX News)
By Rebecca L. Grant, Ph.D., Vice President, Lexington Institute. September 16, 2025  The full text of this article is available below and on the FOX News website here. When U.S. forces destroyed a Tren de Aragua drug runner’s fast boat with a missile on Tuesday, it opened a new chapter in the drug war and in the defense of the Western Hemisphere. Tren de Aragua is a designated terrorist organization and invasion force. In tactical terms, the strike was no different from hitting ISIS or Houthi targets in the Middle East. “If you’re on a boat full of cocaine or fentanyl or whatever, headed to the United States, you’re an immediate threat to the United States,” Secretary of State Marco Rubio said in a speech in Mexico City. “I’ve been saying for many years that a law enforcement solution is not good enough to address these global terrorists operating in the Western Hemisphere,” former acting DEA chief Derek Maltz told USA Today. This is truly America First. President Donald Trump is the first American leader to construct a policy framework for direct military operations against cartels. His new approach also gives Americans greater transparency into how he plans to carry it out. Part of the shock factor was that Americans got a rare chance to see U.S. military forces in action close to home. Trump wants it out in the open. The video of Tuesday’s strike was labeled UNCLASSIFIED in bright green, meaning officials had stripped out the range and location data normally seen around the frame. The strike was clearly calculated, likely backed by communications intercepts and maritime surveillance. The weapon may have been a Hellfire from a helicopter or another anti-ship missile. The footage was likely captured by a drone. Regardless of the platform, the point was unmistakable: the U.S. won’t tolerate cartel activity. The strike was a direct message to Tren de Aragua’s Hector Rusthenford Guerrero Flores, known as “Niño Guerrero.” He has morphed TdA from a Venezuelan prison gang into “an organization with growing influence throughout the Western Hemisphere,” according to the Treasury Department. TdA is more than a cartel. Yes, this is the same Tren de Aragua whose members took over the Aspen Grove apartment complex in Aurora, Colorado, last year. Its activities include drug trafficking, human smuggling, extortion, sexual exploitation, money laundering and more. The group also fueled mass migration into the United States during President Joe Biden’s open-border era.
September 16, 2025
Coded Commanders: Artificial Intelligence as the New General
Coded Commanders: Artificial Intelligence as the New General By Nishakant Ojha   New Delhi August 26,2025- Warfare is no longer confined to trenches, tanks, and territorial lines. The battlefield of the twenty-first century has shifted to codes, algorithms, satellites, and quantum signals. In this new age, decisions are not just taken by generals in command rooms but also by machine learning systems parsing terabytes of real-time data. The United States and China have embraced this transformation with clarity and urgency, pouring unprecedented resources into artificial intelligence, cyber dominance, quantum networks, and unmanned systems. For India, a nation with strategic imperatives across two hostile borders and maritime vulnerabilities, the urgency is far greater. The question is not whether India should modernize but whether it can do so fast enough to ensure survival in wars where the first shots may be fired in cyberspace or space, not on land. Algorithms at War: How AI is Rewriting Command and Control Artificial intelligence has become the defining marker of military modernisation. The United States leads in the integration of AI into its command-and-control systems, combining battlefield simulations with predictive analytics to give commanders decision making superiority. In war-gaming scenarios, American forces rely on AI to identify enemy vulnerabilities, optimise troop movements, and execute precision strikes with minimal human latency. AI-driven ISR (Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance) is already a reality in the Pentagon’s doctrine, where unmanned systems feed vast amounts of battlefield data into real-time decision networks.
August 26, 2025
Germany’s New Defence Ambitions: A Turning Point for European Security?
Germany's New Defence Ambitions: A Turning Point for European Security? By Laetitia von Schönburg June 25, 2025 - Under Chancellor Friedrich Merz, Germany is embarking on a radical transformation of its defence policy, aiming to build the Bundeswehr (literally Federal Defence, Germany’s Armed Forces) into Europe's most capable conventional military by 2031. This shift includes a massive increase in defence spending: 5% of GDP with 3.5% allocated directly to military investments, and an additional 1.5% dedicated to dual-use infrastructure like roads and bridges serving civilian and military needs. The Bundestag, Germany’s federal Parliament, has approved constitutional changes to relax fiscal constraints, allowing for the creation of a €500 billion modernization fund. This decision marks a historic break with decades of restrained military policy. At the forefront of Europe’s rearmament This pivot aligns with a broader European momentum toward rearmament, exemplified by the EU's €150 billion SAFE program and the ambitious €800 billion Readiness 2030 strategy. Germany is positioning itself at the forefront of these efforts, spearheading the European Sky Shield Initiative and entering strategic deterrence discussions with France and the United Kingdom. At stake is not just Germany's credibility but the future of EU strategic autonomy and NATO's cohesion. Whether Germany can deliver on these sweeping promises will shape the next phase of European and transatlantic security.
June 25, 2025
A Sailor’s Guide to Strategic Planning
July 20, 2017 - By Adam P. Saffer: "The older I get, the more I appreciate simplification. Whether instructions on how to pair wireless devices, driving directions to a meeting place, a recipe for a good meal, or a training event, the simpler the better. For years I worked as a management consultant helping for profit and non-profit firms develop their business strategy. During those years, I read a plethora of books, papers and articles on the subject - each one smarter and often more complicated than the other. Don't get me wrong, there is a tremendous amount of creative, rational, well-researched and well-written literature available; all written by people far smarter than me. Be it vision-based, issue-based, goal-based, or scenario-based, using various tools and structures such as a log frames, strategic maps, balanced scorecards, all offer interesting and valuable perspective. However, if you don't have a Chief Strategy Officer or are not particularly interested in or familiar with the process of strategic planning (which if executed correctly is usually as if not more impactful than the final product), it is hard to determine which model is best suited for your company. Other determining factors include but are not limited to the stage of the business (e.g. start up, early stage SME, rapid growth or expansion phase, preparing to sell, transitioning to a new generation), the industry (e.g. manufacturing, wholesale, retail, services, FMCG, ICT), current market conditions, competitive dynamics, and the company’ approach to differentiation (e.g. high quality/low volume; low quality/high volume, faster, cheaper, greener, a new product)."
July 20, 2017